Informal portrait of NX50558 Private (Pte) Joseph Guy Harper, a member of the 2/20th Battalion, ...

Informal portrait of NX50558 Private (Pte) Joseph Guy Harper, a member of the 2/20th Battalion, who became a prisoner of war (POW) after the fall of Singapore. This identification photograph was taken in the Naoetsu POW Camp. Pte Harper is wearing a heavy uniform and a patch with the number 178, his Naoetsu POW Camp number, sewn on his pocket. Pte Harper died on 31 December 1943 and Warrant Officer George Gray recorded in his diary: 'Two more deaths today - J. Harper and S. Rudd. Hope conditions improve in '44 - Jap doctor in camp - sick men being examined.' (Source: Don Wall, Singapore & beyond: the story of the 2/20 Battalion, told by the survivors (Sydney: 1985)). It is likely he was cremated at the Naoetsu POW Camp; his remains are now buried at the Yokohama War Cemetery. The Japanese Army used many POWs as labourers in working parties. On 20 November 1942, allied POWs held at Adam Park in Singapore were moved to the Sime Road camp and issued with heavy uniforms. This POW working party was known as C Force. On 29 November 1942, 1,400 allied POWs, including 550 Australians from the 2/20th Battalion, still under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Robertson, embarked on the Kamakura Maru, a modern 17,000 ton passenger and cargo vessel, and set sail for Japan. On 7 December 1942, the Kamakura Maru docked at Nagasaki and the POWs were unloaded. Of the 550 Australian POWs, 300 were selected in alphabetical order down to the letter 's', and formed a working party that left by train for Naoetsu. The remainder of the Australians were sent to work in a shipyard at Kobe. The men worked in the local stainless steel factory and also at the nearby Shinetsu Chemical Factory. They endured terrible conditions. Frequent beatings and a very poor diet contributed to the rapid decline in health and fitness. Sixty POWs died at Naoetsu between 1943 and March 1944.