pt. I: European statescraft and the question of war and peace before 1914. Stealing horses to great applause : Austria-Hungary's decision in 1914 in systemic perspective / Paul Schroeder -- Did norms matter in nineteenth century international relations? Progress and decline in the 'culture of peace' before World War I / Matthias Schulz -- Aggressive and defensive aims of political elites? Austro-Hungarian policy in 1914 / Samuel Williamson Jr. -- The curious case of the Kaiser's disappearing war guilt : Wilhelm II in July 1914 / John Röhl -- pt. II: The military situation before 1914 : Europe between hot and cold war. Chances and limits of armament control 1898-1914 / Jost Dülffer -- Was a peaceful outcome thinkable? The naval race before 1914 / Michael Epkenhans -- Was a peaceful solution thinkable? The European land armaments race before 1914 / David Stevenson -- The German and Austro-Hungarian general staffs and their reflections on an "impossible" war / Gunther Kronenbitter -- pt. III: Hopes and fears of war and peace : subjective expectations and unspoken assumptions in European societies before 1914. The topos of improbable war in Europe before 1914 / Holger Afflerbach -- Unfought war : the effect of détente before World War I / Friedrich Kiessling -- "War enthusiasm?" Public opinion and the outbreak of war in 1914 / Roger Chickering -- Education for war, peace, and patriotism in Russia on the eve of World War I / Joshua A. Sanborn -- pt. IV: Culture, gender, religiosity and the coming of war. Honor, gender and power : the politics of satisfaction in pre-war Europe / Ute Frevert -- International solidarity in European and North American protestantism before 1914 and after / Hartmut Lehmann -- International relations, arts, and culture before 1914 / Jessica Gienow-Hecht -- pt. V: The perspective from afar : the outbreak of war in Europe in the eyes of other continents. War as the savior? Hopes for war and peace in Ottoman politics before 1914 / Mustafa Aksakal -- The view from Japan : war and peace in Europe around 1914 / Frederick Dickinson -- War, peace and commerce : the American reaction to the outbreak of World War I in Europe / Fraser Harbutt.