Lieutenant General Henry Gordon Bennett

Service number NX70343, N76069
Ranks Held Brigadier General, Colonel, Lieutenant Colonel, Major, Temporary Brigadier General
Birth Date 16/04/1887
Birth Place Australia: Victoria, Melbourne, Balwyn
Death Date 01/08/1962
Death Place Australia: New South Wales, Dural
Final Rank Lieutenant General
Service Australian Imperial Force
Units
  • 1st Australian Division
  • 3rd Australian Infantry Brigade
  • 6th Australian Infantry Battalion
  • City of Melbourne Regiment
Places
Conflicts/Operations
  • First World War, 1914-1918
  • Second World War, 1939-1945
  • Second World War, 1939-1945
Description

Gordon Bennett, born on 16 April 1887 at Balwyn, Melbourne, was Australia's most controversial Second World War commander. As a youth he attended Balwyn State School and Hawthorn College before becoming an actuarial clerk at the Australian Mutual Provident Society. He was commissioned into the Citizen Military Forces in 1908 at the age of 21 and posted to the 5th Infantry Regiment. In 1912 he was promoted to major.

Shortly after the First World War began Bennett transferred into the AIF; he embarked for Egypt in October 1914 as Second-in-Command of the 6th Battalion. He landed at Gallipoli early on the morning of 25 April 1915 and was wounded that afternoon. Having been evacuated to a hospital ship, Bennett took it upon himself to return to the line and quickly acquired a reputation for courage and leadership. He was involved in the 2nd Brigade's disastrous charge against Turkish positions at Krithia on 8 May and the next day was promoted to temporary lieutenant colonel, taking command of the 6th Battalion.

During the battalion's early operations on the Western Front Bennett alternated as battalion and acting brigade commander. He married Bessie Buchanan in November 1916 and in December was promoted again, to temporary brigadier, taking command of the 3rd Brigade. His reputation as an excellent front-line commander grew throughout 1917 and 1918 with his performances at Bullecourt, Passchendaele, and the Hindenburg Line. Alongside his reputation as a fine commander, however, Bennett also acquired among some of his fellow officers a very different reputation; as a jealous, prickly, and querulous individual.

After the war Bennett worked in Sydney as a clothing manufacturer and accountant. He sat on the State Repatriation Board and in October 1928 became one of three commissioners administering Sydney City. Between 1931-33 he presided over the New South Wales Chamber of Manufacturers. Bennett continued also in the military, taking command of the 2nd Division in 1926. But when the Second World War began he was furious at not being given command of the AIF; his difficult temperament made such an appointment impossible. Only in September 1940 was he given a divisional command, the 8th Division, which he led to Malaya in 1941.

Following the Japanese invasion of Malaya on 8 December 1941, Bennett had as little success preventing their southward advance as had his British counterparts. In February the Japanese reached Singapore and on the 15th of that month, as surrender negotiations took place, Bennett handed over command of his division and left the island. Some supporters applauded his escape but his claim that he left to pass on his knowledge about how to fight the Japanese - given his lack of success - failed to convince many. He was never given another field command and an enquiry after the war found he was not justified in leaving Singapore. Bennett's dreams of leading the Australian Army were ruined.

After the war Bennett took up farming near Sydney. He died at Dural, Sydney, on 1 August 1962.

Rolls

Timeline

Date of birth 16/04/1887 Balwyn, VIC.
Date commissioned 14/08/1908 Commissioned as a second lieutenant, 5th Australian Regiment.
Date promoted 01/07/1912 Promoted to major.
Date of enlistment 19/08/1914 Joined the Australian Imperial Force as second in command of the 6th Battalion.
Other 10/1914 6th Battalion embarked for Eygpt.
Other units 1914 Served as a major in the 64th Infantry.
Date of embarkation 19/10/1914
Date of honour or award 05/08/1915 Mention in Despatches, for services at Gallipoli.
Other 08/05/1915 Involved in Second Battle of Krithia. The 6th Battalion suffered heavy loses. Bennett was the only original officer of the 6th who survived the battle.
Date of honour or award 08/11/1915 Companion of the Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, for services at Gallipoli.
Date of recommendation honour or award 21/06/1915
Other 25/04/1915 Landed at Gallipoli. Bennett was wounded on Pine Ridge, while directing fire on the Turkish positions. He was evacuated to a hospital ship but rejoined his battalion on the front line the next day.
Date of honour or award 05/11/1915 Mention in Despatches, for services at Gallipoli.
Date promoted 09/05/1915 Bennett became commander of the 6th Battalion and was promoted to temporary lieutenant colonel.
Date promoted 03/12/1916 Temporary brigadier general in command of the 3rd Infantry Brigade. At 29 he became the youngest general ever in the Australian army.
Date of recommendation honour or award 06/10/1916
Date of recommendation honour or award 07/03/1917
Date of recommendation honour or award 26/09/1917
Date of honour or award 09/03/1917 Montenegrin Order of Danilo - 3rd Class.
Date of honour or award 01/06/1917 Mention in Despatches, for services in France.
Date of honour or award 28/12/1917 Mention in Despatches, for services in France.
Date of recommendation honour or award 1917
Date of honour or award 04/01/1917 Mention in Despatches, for services in France.
Date of honour or award 31/12/1918 Mention in Despatches, for services in France.
Date of recommendation honour or award 08/03/1918
Date of honour or award 28/05/1918 Mention in Despatches.
Date of recommendation honour or award 28/09/1918
Date of honour or award 01/01/1918 Companion of the Bath, for services in France.
Date of recommendation honour or award 06/01/1919
Date of honour or award 11/07/1919 Mention in Despatches.
Date of honour or award 03/06/1919 Distinguished Service Order.
Date returned to Australia 15/05/1919
Other units 1921 - 1926 Bennett commanded the 9th Infantry Brigade.
Other units 1926 - 1932 Bennett commanded the 2nd Division.
Date promoted 01/08/1930 Promoted to major general.
Other units 30/09/1940 Bennett became General Officer Commanding 8th Division, Australian Imperial Force.
Other 1941 Bennett was posted to Malaya with the 8th Division.
Other 15/02/1941 Singapore was surrended to the Japanese. Bennett and several others managed to escape from Singapore and return to Australia.
Date promoted 07/04/1942 Lieutenant general in command of III Corps in Perth.
Date of discharge 09/05/1944 Transferred to the Reserve of Officers.
Date of death 01/08/1962 Dural, NSW.